Heating system having a nozzle-free oil-gasification-burner



Jan. 16, 1968 H. K. LEISTRITZ HEATING SYSTEM HAVING A NOZZLE-FREE OIL-GASIFICATIONBURNER 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Dec. 1'7, 1964 4 I i I 5 I ,4 I Z I .IuIFIIIIIIIIIII'IOIIIIIIIII F I z I I l I illlillll'llllllllllll Inventor HANS KARL LEISTRITZ ATTORNEY.

Jan. 16, 1968 V H. K. LEISTRITZ HEATING SYSTEM HAVING A NOZZLE-FREE OILGASIFICATION-BURNER 5 Shee ts-Shet 2 Filed Dec.

HANS KARL LEIYSTRITZ BY 2 ATTORNEY.

Jan. 16, 1 968 H. K.-LEISTR|TZ 3,363,833

I -HEATING SYSTEM HAVING A NOZZLE-.FREE OILGASIF'ICATION-BURNER Filed Dec. 17, 1964 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 sz'n - 7 /7 Fig.6

Inventor:

BY HANS KARL LEISTRI'TZ ATTORNEY.

United States Patent Ofifice 3,363,838 Patented Jan. 16, 1968 3,363,838 HEATING SYSTEM HAVING A NOZZLE-FREE OIL-GASIFICATION-BURNER Hans Karl Leistritz, 49 Reiehenhaller Sun, 8228 Freilassing, Germany Filed Dec. 17, 1964, Ser. No. 419,164

Claims priority, application Austria, Dec. 23, 1963,

A 10,386; Germany, June 18, 1964, L 48,075;

July 8, 1964, L 48,233

15 Claims. (Cl. 237-53) The present invention relates to a nozzle-free gasification burner having a preliminary combustion chamber and a main combustion chamber, which combustion chambers have separate air intakes, whereby hot gases originating from a combustion in the preliminary chamber, which hot gases are enriched with oil vapor and/ or oil mist (called jointly oil gases), enter into the main combustion chamber and are there burned and, whereby an intermediate chamber containing oil having no separate air intake is provided between the preliminary combustion chamber and the main combustion chamber, which intermediate chamber is in communication with the preliminary combustion chamber and the main combustion chamber.

In such known burner, the preliminary combustion chamber surrounds about annularly the intermediate chamber, which serves simultaneously the purpose of feeding of oil gases to the main combustion chamber. The preliminary combustion chamber must have thereby a plurality of air intake pipes, in order to produce already dur' ing the preliminary combustion sufiiciently hot gases, so as to evaporate a sufiicient quantity of oil and in order to have available sufiicient oil gases for the main combustion.

It is one object of the present invention to provide a nozzle-free gasification burner, wherein the intermediate chamber has a long stretched channel, which communicates with the preliminary combustion chamber and which leads into a gas feeding chamber, which surrounds in annular form an air feeding tube leading to the main combustion chamber.

By this arrangement it is brought about that the flame from the preliminary combustion chamber strikes closely over the oil surface of the intermediate chamber and is there extinguished. The hot gases of the preliminary chamber assume during their long travel in the channel of the intermediate chamber sufficient oil gases and enter enriched into the main combustion chamber, where due to the particular air intake through the air feeding tube they are admixed with air and are completely burned.

The main combustion chamber is separated from a direct contact with the oil surface by means of the gas feeding chamber and by the gases enriched with oil gas and striking through the gas feeding chamber. Thus, any combustion on the oil surface and any soot formation is avoided even upon ignition.

The oil gases can be heated up without difiiculty to a comparatively high combustion temperature (for instance, 400 C.). A good efliciency is obtained due to this high temperature. Thus, the burner according to the present invention can be applied also for small outputs.

Since the long stretched channel of the intermediate chamber together with the gas feeding chamber is in communication over the entire height of these two chambers, the gas feeding chamber fil-ls itself with oil up to the level of the preliminary combustion chamber and of the channel. This oil can absorb soot particles, particularly from the soot layer of the walls of the gas feeding chamber. This is important, since this soot layer is maintained in a moist condition due to the oil mist portion of the passing oil gases and accordingly is too heavy, in order to be carried away by the oil gases in the main combustion chamber. Upon reaching a predetermined thickness, the layer falls into the oil downwardly. Thus, the effect of a wet filter results. In this manner, advantageously, in particular also old oils and heavy oils can be burned without soot formation by means of the burner designed in accordance with the present invention.

For the ignition of the burner, which is designed such, a predetermined amount of alcohol is poured into the preliminary combustion chamber, which distributes itself on the surface of the chamber. By burning the alcohol, the preliminary combustion is initiated and the wake required therefor is produced in the burner, so that thereafter it continues the combustion with oil gases.

Preferably, the air feeding tube for the main combustion chamber is closed at its top and has in its portion projecting into the main combustion chamber air intake openings. If the lower part of the gas heating chamber, which surrounds as a part of the intermediate chamber the air feeding tube in the manner of an annular chamber, is filled with oil, a heat-exchange takes place, which heats up the intaken air and prevents an extensive heating of the oil present in the annular portion of the intermediate chamber. The walls of the air feeding tube extending into the main combustion chamber are extensively heated and release by feeding and by radiation heat downward-1y to the air to be taken in.

In a further embodiment of the present invention, the main combustion chamber has, in addition to the air intake openings in the air feeding tube, air intake openings at its bottom and in its side walls substantially above the closed end of the air intake tube. The oil gases entering into the main combustion chamber are then substantially admixed with air and subjected to a good turbulent motion substantially successively by air streams in different directions.

The air-oil-gas-stream runs at first substantially horizontally radially outwardly from the air feeding tube, then concentrically about the air feeding tube in upward direction and is shifted then above the end of the air feeding tube into a nearly horizontal radially inwardly directed stream, which is shifted then into an upwardly directed stream in the exhaust tube or flue. In spite of the fact that all these streams are overlapped by turbulent motions, which lead to a good admixture .and, thereby, to a complete combustion, the oil gases entering the burner are covered up in a hood-like manner by the air intake openings of the side wall of the exhaust tube or flue, whereby again a soot-free combustion is assured. Also, if by wind or other causes occasionally, an extensively large amount of oil gas enters the main combustion chamber, it will be completely burned, due to the hood-like surrounding stream.

In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cross-section of the lower part of the air feeding tube is larger than the narrowest cross-section of the annular gas feeding chamber and the cross-section of the air feeding tube is reduced below the mentioned narrowest cross-section in upward direction continuously up to a cylindrical end portion. Thereby, a heat radiation is avoided from the main combustion chamber downwardly into the annular space of the intermediate chamber, so that the oil cannot be too extensively heated up there prior to the combustion.

A burner releasing hot waste gases, for instance, a nozzle-free gasification burner, in accordance with the present invention, can be used advantageously in a heating unit, in which a tube system is provided for the escape of the waste gases, which tube system is fed through all rooms to be heated of a building and which terminates into a chimney, whereby the tube system includes heat radiating faces in each of the rooms to be heated. The heat 3 content of the waste gases can, thereby, be exploited to the limit. By particular control means, the heat radiation can be individually changed in each room and, thereby, the room temperature can be adjusted.

With these and other objects in view, which will become apparent in the following detailed description, the present invention will be clearly understood in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is an axial section along the lines 1-1 of FIG. 2 of one embodiment of the burner designed in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a section along the lines 2-2 of FIG. 1, whereby the swimmer system for the control of the oil feed has been deleted;

FIG. 3 is an axial section of another embodiment of the burner;

FIG. 4 is a fragmentary longitudinal section of still another embodiment of the burner, with connection to a chimney;

FIG. 5 is still another embodiment of the burner with an additional device for combustion of solid material;

FIG. 6 is a vertical section of a building indicating the application of the burner designed in accordance with the present invention for a building heating system;

FIG. 7 is a section along the lines 7-7 of FIG. 6; and

FIG. 8 is a vertical section through an exhaust pipe of the burner along the lines 8-8 of FIG. 6.

Referring now to the drawings, and in particular to FIGS. 1 to 5, the oil burner comprises an oil storage container 1, in which a preliminary combustion chamber 2 is disposed. A longitudinally stretched channel 5 leads along the outer wall of the container 1 in a curve arrangement to a central annular chamber 3. The channel 5 and the annular chamber 3 form an oil containing intermediate chamber. The annular chamber 3 surrounds in air feeding tube 9. An annular channel 7 for the gas feeding from the intermediate chamber 5, 3 to the main combustion chamber 8 is provided, which annular channel 7 surrounds the air feeding tube 9 above the annular chamber 3. The main combustion chamber 8 is surrounded by a wall It A flue 11 is connected in upward direction with the main combustion chamber 8. The oil storage container 1 and the three chambers 2 and 3 as well as the chamber 5 have equal height. They are in communication with each other substantially over their entire height.

The air feeding tube 9 starts at an opening in the bottom of the oil storage container 1 and is guided upwardly through the annular chamber 3 and the annular channel '7 into the main combustion chamber 8. In the lower part 9a the cross-section of the air feeding tube 9 is larger than F the cross-section of the annular channel 7. Thereover, the air feeding tube 9 is reduced conically in upward direction within the range 9b (FIGS, 1 and 5). The upper end of the air feeding tube 9 is formed by a cylindrical part 90. Since the radiation directed downwardly from the main combustion chamber 8 in this manner hits the inclined wall of the tube part 9b, the oil is heated in the annular chamber 3 prior to the combustion not beyond a permissible limit.

In its upper part 90, the air guiding tube has air intake openings 25, which lead into the main combustion chamber 8: The tube 9 is closed up by a cover 26 above the air intake openings 25. By this arrangement, a heat exchanger is formed, through which air in the tube 9 entering the main combustion burner 8 is preheated. The bottom of the oil storage container 1 and, thereby, the entire burner, rests on feet 22, so that an air path is kept free from below into the air feeding tube 9.

The flue 11 is shown cylindrically in the embodiment disclosed in the drawings, however, it can also be formed conically. It is open at its top or has gas escape openings. The main combustion chamber 8 has lateral air intake openings 2% in the peripheral wall of the main combustion chamber 8. The openings 29 permit an air stream in about horizontal direction. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 5,

air intake openings 28 are also provided in the bottom plate 4 of the main combustion chamber 8. For instance, the bottom plate 4 can be formed as a sieve plate. Below the bottom plate 4 is provided an air pre-heating chamber 27, in which air can enter laterally through opening 27'. The air pre-heating chamber 27 is limited in downward direction by a thermallly insulated plate 23, which can have, in accordance with FIG. 1, additional air intake openings 24. In this manner, an extensive heat radiation from the main combustion chamber 8 in downward direction to the oil storage container 1 is prevented and, on the other hand, the downwardly directed heat radiation is exploited for the pre-heating of the combustion air.

The oil flame burning in the preliminary combustion chamber 2 moves under the effect of the wake of the flue 11 along the channel 5. The flame is extinguished already soon behind the preliminary combustion chamber 2. In the intermediate chamber, formed by the longitudinal stretched channel 5 and the annular chamber 3, the hot waste gases of the preliminary combustion flame absorb still oil gas to their burnable ingredients. The gas mixture enters concentrically into the annular channel 7 and is fed from there into the main combustion chamber 8. In this connection it is mixed with air from the air intake openings 25 and the main flame starts to burn. The flame is fed thereafter under the influence of the air entering in the bottom plate 4 through the air intake openings 28 upwardly and by the air entering through the air intake openings 29 in the side wall 10 is shifted inwardly. From here, the flame moves upwardly to be extinguished in the flue 11. The burned soot-free waste gases escape through the upper opening or the upper openings of the flue 11 into the atmosphere.

In FIG. 1, the flue 11 is expandible telescopically, in order to adjust the length of the flue to the strength of the flame. The upper portion 11a of the flue 11 has for this purpose at its lower end gripping members 11b, which are connected with downwardly connected rods 14. In the position extended to the low extreme of the flue 11, the lower ends of the rods 14 support themselves on lateral projections 11411 at the lower part of the flue 11. The upper part 11a is rotatable relative to the lower part of the flue 1.1. The rods 14 have lateral cut-outs at dilferent heights, which cut-outs rest during the lowering of the upper part 11a on the projections 14a.

As shown in FIG. 1, a swimmer system 18 is provided in the oil storage container 1, in order to operate, upon feeding of the burner from an oil reservoir, the burner always with the most favorable oil level in the storage container 1.

If the burner is operated without an additional oil reservoir, that means, if always a complete filling of the storage container 1 is burned up, the following is to be observed, in order to obtain a good burning or combustion. The oil temperature in the neighborhood of the bottom face of the preliminary combustion chamber 2 cannot surpass the burning point of the particular oil. In order to obtain this result, the thermal insulation of the main combustion chamber 8 relative to the oil storage container 1 is provided by means of the air pre-heating chamber 27 and the insulating plate 23. On the other hand, the preliminary combustion chamber 2 and a part of the channel 5 is insulated relative to the oil storage container 1 by means of an asbestos layer 54 (FIG. 2), which surrounds with its portion 6 and air intake tube 19, to be described below. Furthermore, a throttle member 55 (FIG. 2) is provided for this purpose in the channel 5. In spite of these measures, the oil temperature in the oil storage container 1 is still dependent upon the remaining of a predetermined quantity of residue oil in this container. If this quantity of oil goes below the limit, the combustion does not take place any more as clean and soot-free as before. It is then necessary to fill again oil into the storage container 1.

In the embodiments in accordance with FIGS. 1 and 5, the cross-section of the main combustion chamber 8 is stepwise narrowed down to the cross-section of the flue 11. In accordance with FIG. 1, the flue has a smaller crosssection than that of the combustion chamber 8 with the side wall 10. In accordance with FIG. 5, the steplike narrowing is obtained by means of a ring plate 35 inserted into the flue 11 at the lower end of the latter. By this narrowing, the main combustion is substantially limited to the range within the side wall and the flame performance is favorably adjusted.

In order to obtain a satisfactory and soot-free combustion with the highest possible efficiency, the following rules must be observed for the structure of the burner;

(1) The sum of the cross-sections of all air intake openings 25, 28 and 29 leading to the main combustion chamber 8 form a ratio to the cross-section of the flue 11 in its narrow range of about 1:2 to about 1:3, and in particular about 1:25.

(2) The sum of the cross'sections of the air intake openings 25 originating in the air feeding tube 9 and terminating in the main combustion chamber 8 form a ratio of about 1:8 to about 1:12, in particular about 1:10 with the open cross-section of the flue 11.

(3) The inner diameter of the narrowing of the flue 11 forms a ratio of about 1:12 to about 1: 1.8, in particular about 1:1.5 with the inner diameter of the main combustion chamber 8 within the range of the side wall 10. (4) The cross-section of the upper portion 90 of the air feeding tube 9 forms a ratio of about 1:0.6 to about 1:0.75, in particular about 120.67 with the sum of the crosssections of the air intake opening 25 in its wall.

(5) The cross-section of the lower part 9a of the air feeding tube 9 forms a ratio of at least 3:1 with the sum of the cross-sections of the air intake openings 25 in its upper part 90.

(6) The cross-section of the upper portion 90 of the air feeding tube 9 forms a ratio of about 1:8 to about 1:12, in particular about 1:10 with the cross-section of the wall 18 of the main combustion chamber 8.

Also, the sizes of the air intake openings 25, 28 and 29 are of decisive importance. In the air intake openings 28, the bores are as small as in any way possible, because the path of the air streams passing these openings to the flame core is the shortest. The lower limit of the bore size is determined by an occurring soot-clogging. In the air intake openings 25 and 29 the size of the bores must be at a predetermined ratio to the length of the path passed by the air streams. The air streams from the air intake openings 25 must reach up to the side wall 10, while the air streams of the air intake openings 29 must advance to the center of the main combustion chamber 8, thus to the center axis of the flue 11. Accordingly, the following rules result:

(7) The diameter of the air intake openings 25 in the air feeding tube 9 forms a ratio of about 1:8 to about 1:12, in particular about 1:10 with the distance between the wall of the air feeding tube 9 and the wall 10 of the main combustion chamber wall 8 (radius of the wall 10 minus radius of the upper tube portion 9c).

(8) The diameter of the air intake openings 29 disposed above the closed end 26 of the air feeding tube 9 in the wall 10 of the combustion chamber 8 forms a ratio of about 1:8 to about 1:12, in particular about 1:10 with the radius of the main combustion chamber 8 (radius of the wall 10).

Upon application of the last-mentioned rule, it is to be observed, however, that the diameter of the air intake openings 29 can only be at its maximum equal to one tenth of the path, which leads from the center of these openings obliquely upwardly, engaging the inner edge of the stepped-down narrowing of the cross-section of the main combustion chamber 8, to the center line of the flue 11.

As FIGS. 1 and 2 disclose, the tube 19 set forth above is provided for the air intake into the preliminary corribustion chamber 2, which tube 19 is equipped with perforations 19' at its end penetrating into the preliminary combustion chamber 2, as well as at its end projecting upwardly from the preliminary combustion chamber 2. For the adjustment of the inlet cross-section of the perforations 19' of the air intake tube 19 disposed outside of the preliminary combustion chamber 2, a rotatable cap 21 is provided which overlaps the perforations 19. The cap 21 has at its inside a threaded spindle 13 projecting into the tube 19, which threaded spindle 13 is guided in a nut 17 disposed in the tube 19. In its lowermost position, the cap 21 closes completely the perforations of the tube 19 disposed outside of the preliminary combustion chamber 2.

The cross-section of the air intake openings to the preliminary combustion chamber 2 is of decisive importance for the total combustion process, since only by change of this cross-section, the main combustion process can be controlled. If the cap 21 closes absolutely tight, the preliminary flame in the chamber 2 will be extinguished and likewise, the burning process in the combustion chamber 8. Accordingly, also no oil mist escapes from the main combustion chamber 8 through the flue 11. Due to the rotatable cap 21, the burning process can be controlled very exactly. The perforated tube 19 forms simultaneously a good explosion protection, since each pressure wave back-firing from the channel 5 through the preliminary combustion chamber 2 would have to pass twice the openings of the tube 19.

The longitudinally extending channel 5, which leads from the preliminary combustion chamber 2 to the annular chamber 3 has a changing cross-section. At its start, the channel 5 has a width, which is only slighly smaller than the diameter of the preliminary combustion chamber 2. It is narrowed down at first continuously up to the throttling point 55 and enlarges then again continuously only until it reaches the annular chamber 3. The insulation 54 of the preliminary combustion chamber 2 and at the start of the channel 5 serves the purpose of obtaining at the start of the burning process a fast heating of the oil in this range and, thereby, to secure from the start an evaporation of the oil. A Wall 612, at least partly engaging the insulation wall 54, separates the channel 5 from the oil storage container and terminates at the wall 6a which defines the central annular chamber 3. A wall 53 shown in FIG. 2 inside of the annular chamber 3 serves the equal distribution of oil gases penetrating into the annular chamber 3, which oil gases rise from the annular chamber 3 through the annular channel 7 into the main combustion chamber 8.

In the embodiment disclosed in FIG. 3, the upper end of the air guiding tube 9 is conically widened. The flue 11 is surrounded at some distance therefrom by a sieve cylinder 31, which can be closed up by a plate on its top. A tubular jacket 38 is provided between the flue 11 and the sieve cylinder 31, the diameter of the jacket 38 being for about one quarter larger than that of the flue 11. The tubular jacket 38 is secured at its lower end to the cover of the oil storage container 1. The fresh air penetrating through the sieve cylinder 31 is thus forced to flow from above along the hot wall of the flue 11 to the air intake openings 29. The air is, thereby, preheated. Furthermore, the tubular jacket 38 increases the wake for the main combustion process.

The combustion can be appreciably improved by means of an air blower, which leads, for instance, at the level of the air intake openings 25 of the air feeding tube 9' into the flue 11. The exit tube of the air blower (not shown) can terminate in a substantially horizontal plane obliquely to the radial direction of the flue 11, in particular nearly tangentially thereto, into the lower end of the flue 11. By this arrangement, a turbulent stream is created in the main combustion chamber 8.

As disclosed in FIG. 4, for lesser requirements, the air intake can be provided simpler and more economical. The upper part 90 of the air feeding tube 9 is extended upwardly and receives over a larger part of the length air intake openings 25. For connection with a chimney, the upper part of the flue 11, which has no wall perforations, can be surrounded by a cylindrical member 43 defining a chamber, which has at its lower end above the air intake openings 29 of the flue 11 a bottom 45. Between the latter and the upper cover of the oil storage container, is dis posed a short sieve cylinder 31a. The chamber of the cylindrical member 43 is connected, by means of an outlet tube 47 which has an adjustable air flap 49 below the upper end of the flue 11, with the chimney (not shown).

In the embodiment disclosed in FIG. 5, a fine-meshed wire basket 33 is disposed in the flue 11 of the burner. In this basket 33, solid fuel material or burnable waste material can be burned. The burning of these materials takes place to the greatest extent without creating smoke, even if its burning alone is not possible without smoke. The wire basket 33 is disposed between a lower ring plate 35 and an upper ring plate 36 closely above the main combustion chamber 8. Due to the lower ring plate 35, a good rinsing of the basket 33 with burning oil gases results. The solid fuel material can be thrown into the basket through the opening of the upper ring plate 36, without possibility that the solid fuel material can fall into the oil storage container 1. In order to have available the necessary additional air for the combustion in the wire basket 33, an additional air feeding tube 9d projects from the upper portion of the air feeding tube 9 up to or into the lower end of the basket 33. The additional combustion air fed in this manner to the basket 33 can be controlled, for instance, by a throttle member (not shown) provided in the tube 9d and adjustable from the outside.

In order to bring about in the main combustion chamher 8 a still more favorable gas stream for the additional combustion in the basket 33, the upper closing plate 26 of the air feeding tube 9 is enlarged. It projects beyond the periphery of the upper portion 9c of the air feeding tube 9 as much that it covers at least the annular channel 7 disposed therebelow for the gas feeding. The plate 26 is equipped at its edge with an upwardly bent flange. Due to this design, it serves simultaneously several purposes. It functions as an ash collection chamber for the burning parts of the additional combustion in the basket 33. Furthermore, for the start of the burning process, alcohol can be poured onto the plate 26 and can be there ignited. Instead, the burning process can also be started by igniting of alcohol on the plate 23 below the bottom plate 4 of the main combustion chamber 8.

The flue 11 has about at the level of the two ring plates 35 and 36 a separating point each by means of a hinge 37. Upon lifting of the upper portion of the flue 11, in this manner the basket 33 can easily be filled. After the lifting of the center portion of the flue 11, the main combustion chamber 8 and the ash-receiving plate 26 are accessible for cleaning.

FIGS. 6-8 disclose an arrangement for the heating of a building in which a burner is applied which releases hot waste gases. This can be a burner of the type described above. The oil storage container 61 of the burner 53 is connected with an oil reservoir 62 by means of a pipe 63. A swimmer system in accordance with FIG. 1 must be provided in the oil storage container 61 for the operation of the burner 58 with a constant oil level or the container 61 is in connection with the reservoir 62 in accordance with the system of communicating chambers, whereby the oil level in the reservoir is continuously controlled. The combustion chamber and the lower part of the flue 11 of the burner 58 are surrounded with an insulating layer 56, so that the oil storage container 61 and the chamber surrounding the latter are not too much heated. Preferably, the oil storage container 61 is equipped with a removable cover. With this arrangement the cleaning of the container 61 is simplified. This is of particular importance in the use of old oils which are naturally richer on residues.

The flue 11 of the burner 58 is, on the one hand, guided upwardly directly through the building and terminates in a chimney 94. On the other hand, the flue 11 has branches which are guided as horizontally disposed and vertically disposed part tubes 96 to 162 through the rooms 78 to 83 of the building to be heated. The tubes are thermally insulated, for instance, by means of an asbestos layer 56, at the roof-, at the Walland at the ceiling-wall passages.

The part tubes of the flue 11 running in the rooms to be heated and the part tubes 96 to 102 can be covered by shell bodies 65 and 66 of half-cylindrical or similar configuration, which can be opened like a case. The shell bodies 65 and 66 can also bring about a complete thermal insulation, if they consist of a heat non-permeable material. They can also exert a heat-accumulating function, if their frames are equipped, for instance, with tiles. Depending upon the choice of material for the shell bodies 65 and 66 and upon the position of the shell bodies 65 and 66, the heat radiation of the tubes can be controlled. During opening of the shell bodies, heat radiates from the tubes directly into the room and the air in the room is subjected to movement. In this manner, a fast heating-up is possible. Upon closing the shells, the heat transfer into the room is completely avoided in case of thermally completely insulated shells or the shells operate as a tile-oven, if it consists of heat-accumulating material.

FIG. 7 shows how the shells 65 and 66 are disposed on the vertically arranged part of the flue 11. The pivot axis or hinges 67 of the shells 65 and 66 is disposed laterally and parallel to the line 11. During opening of the shell 66, an air turn-over takes place, in which cold air enters at the lower end of the flue between the flue and the shell 66, then rises upwardly along the flue and is heated up and emerges at the upper end of the tube from the chamber between the latter and the shell 66. In this manner, an ideal form of the heat stream in the room is brought about.

Similarly, the operation of the arrangement of FIG. 8 takes place. There the shell bodies 65 and 66 are shown on a horizontally disposed tube 99. If the shells are turned about the pivot axis 67, which is disposed above the tube 99 parallel thereto, cold air enters at the lower side of the tube 99 in the direction of the arrow 68 between the tube 99 and the shells 65 and 66, then flows around the tube 99 and emerges at its upper side heated up through the openings 70 in the shells 65 and 66. The heated air strikes along the insulated ceiling 73. Upon closing of the shells 65 and 66, the openings 70 are closed-up by insulating bodies 69, which are rigidly secured to the pipe 99.

Due to the pipe pieces 1% and 102 disposed close to the floor in the chambers or rooms 3 and 82, cold draft air which enters through the window can be made harmless, since the rising hot air is admixed with the cold draft air. In the roof portion 84 of the building a hot water container 103 is provided short in front of the upper end of the flue 11. In the branch disposed at the ceiling of the room 78, a throttle flap 85 is provided, which opens upwardly as soon as a certain overpressure occurs from the burner 58 in the flue 1. By this arrangement the shortest way to the chimney 94 is freed for the waste gases. Similar throttle flaps can be provided at different points of the system, if predetermined tube parts should be heated up more or less.

The described heating unit can operate independently rom blowers for the air turn-over and the increase of the heating effect, if it is of importance, that the system is independent upon electrical current connection.

While I have disclosed several embodiments of the present invention it is to be understood that these embodiments are given by example only and not in a limiting sense, the scope of the present invention being determined by the objects and the claims.

I claim:

1. A nozzle-free oil-gasification-burner, comprising a first container defining a main combustion chamber, adapted to receive hot gases enriched with oil gases and to burn the mixture,

a second container constituting an oil storage container,

at first wall disposed in said second container and defining a preliminary combustion chamber and a longitudinally stretched channel operatively connected with said main combustion chamber,

a second wall disposed in said second container and defining a central annular chamber,

separate air intake means for said main combustion chamber and for said preliminary combustion chamher,

said channel and said central annular chamber constituting jointly an oil containing intermediate chamber,

said intermediate chamber being disposed between and communicating with said preliminary combustion chamber and said main combustion chamber without air intake means,

an air feeding means terminating in said main combustion chamber,

a gas feeding channel providing communication between said intermediate chamber and said main combustion chamber, and

said gas feeding channel surrounding annularly said air feeding means.

2. The burner, as set forth in claim 1, wherein said longitudinally stretched channel of said intermediate chamber has a changing cross-section, such that said channel is at first continuously narrowed down from said preliminary combustion chamber and thereafter again is continuously widened.

3. The burner, as set forth in claim 1, wherein said main combustion chamber has a bottom wall and side walls, and

said side walls and said bottom Wall have air-intake openings.

4. The burner, as set forth in claim 1, wherein said air feeding means comprises a tube having a lower portion and an upper end portion the cross-section of said lower portion of said air feeding tube is larger than the cross-section of said upper end portion and larger than the narrowest cross-section of said gas feeding channel.

5. The burner, as set forth in claim 4, wherein said air feeding tube has a lower portion and an upper portion, and

the cross-section of said lower portion of said air feeding tube forms a ratio of at least about 3:1 with the sum of the cross-sections of said air-intake openings disposed in said upper portion of said air feeding tube.

6. The burner, as set in claim 1, wherein an additional tube projecting into said preliminary combustion chamber and having perforations in order to provide an air-feed into said preliminary combustion chamber, and

a rotatable cap secured to said additional tube and overlapping said perforations of said additional tube disposed outside of said preliminary combustion chamber.

7. The burner, as set forth in claim 1, wherein said oil storage container communicates with said preliminary combustion chamber,

said first wall separating said channel from said oil storage container, and

said separating wall is at least partly thermally insulated.

8. The burner, as set forth in claim 1, wherein said main combustion chamber has a bottom equipped with air-intake openings, and

an air preheating chamber is disposed below said bottom of said main combustion chamber.

9. The burner, as set forth in claim 1, which includes a flue extending upwardly and expandable telescopically, and

means for adjusting the length of said fiue,

said flue has in its lower range air intake openings and a tubular jacket surrounding said flue spaced apart from the latter within said range, and

said tubular jacket is closed at its bottom and open at its top, to permit entrance of air.

10. The burner, as set forth in claim, which includes a flue extending upwardly from said main combustion chamber, and

a fine-meshed wire basket disposed in said flue.

11. The burner, as set forth in claim 1%, which includes a first ring plate disposed in said flue at the level of the lower end of said wire basket, and

a second ring plate disposed above said wire basket, and

the cross-section of said second ring plate being smaller than the cross-section of the upper opening of said wire basket.

12. The burner, as set forth in claim 11, wherein the air feeding tube has an upper closing plate, and

said plate projects beyond the periphery of said tube and has a diameter at least equal with the outer diameter of said gas feeding chamber.

13. The burner, as set forth in claim 12, which includes an air tube disposed on top of said air feeding tube and projecting through said upper closing plate, and

the cross-section of said air tube is smaller than that of the upper portion of said air feeding tube.

14. A heating unit including a burner as set forth in claim 1, which includes a tube system adapted to be fed to rooms of a building to be heated, and

a chimney receiving the last of the tubes in said tube system, and

each of said tubes has heat-radiating surfaces,

said tube system is thermally insulated at the points of passing walls, floors and ceilings, and which includes shell members surrounding said tubes, in order to limit the heat radiation, and said shell members are tiltable from said tubes, said shell members are of heat accumulating material. 15. The heating unit, as set forth in claim 14, wherein said shell members have hinges, and upon horizontal arrangement of said tubes said hinges are disposed horizontally above said tubes, and said shells have recesses for passing of heated air between said shells and said tubes.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,111,384 9/1914 Hopkins 126-307 1,283,817 11/1918 Langer. 1,641,540 9/1927 Lewington 158-91 1,670,263 5/1928 Koonce et al. 237-53 1,907,336 5/1933 Scherr 158-91 2,182,143 12/1939 Campbell 158-91 2,272,428 2/ 1942 Pedersen 237-55 X 2,277,436 3/1942 Howle 237-55 X 2,509,690 5/1950 Martin 126-360 3,086,710 4/1963 Shimko 237-2 EDWARD J. MICHAEL, Primary Examiner. 

1. A NOZZLE-FREE OIL-GASIFICATION-BURNER, COMPRISING A FIRST CONTAINER DEFINING A MAIN COMBUSTION CHAMBER, ADAPTED TO RECEIVE HOT GASES ENRIGHED WITH OIL GASES AND TO BURN THE MIXTURE, A SECOND CONTAINER CONSTITUTING AN OIL STORAGE CONTAINER, A FIRST WALL DISPOSED IN SAID SECOND CONTAINER AND DEFINING A PRELIMINARY COMBUSTION CHAMBER AND A LONGITUDINALLY STRETCHED CHANNEL OPERATIVELY CONNECTED WITH SAID MAIN COMBUSTION CHAMBER, A SECOND WALL DISPOSED IN SAID SECOND CONTAINER AND DEFINING A CENTRAL ANNULAR CHAMBER, SEPARATE AIR INTAKE MEANS FOR SAID MAIN COMBUSTION CHAMCHAMBER AND FOR SAID PRELIMINARY COMBUSTION CHAMBER, SAID CHANNEL AND SAID CENTRAL ANNULAR CHAMBER CONSTITUTING JOINTLY AN OIL CONTAINING INTERMEDIATE CHAMBER, SAID INTERMEDIATE CHAMBER BEING DISPOSED BETWEEN AND COMMUNICATING WITH SAID PRELIMINARY COMBUSTION CHAMBER AND SAID MAIN COMBUSTION CHAMBER WITHOUT AIR INTAKE MEANS, AN AIR FEEDING MEANS TERMINATING IN SAID MAIN COMBUSTION CHAMBER, A GAS FEEDING CHANNEL PROVIDING COMMUNICATION BETWEEN SAID INTERMEDIATE CHAMBER AND SAID MAIN COMBUSTION CHAMBER, AND SAID GAS FEEDING CHANNEL SURROUNDING ANNULARLY SAID AIR FEEDING MEANS. 